I-Polyamide (PA), eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni, iyi-polymer equkethe amaqembu e-amide kumayunithi aphindaphindayo kumgogodla wamangqamuzana.Inayiloni ingenziwa ibe amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene, adonswe abe imicu, futhi angenziwa futhi abe amafilimu, ama-coatings nama-adhesives.Ngenxa yokuthi inayiloni inokumelana okuhle kwemishini, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokugqoka nezinye izakhiwo, imikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezembatho, intambo yezimboni, izimoto, imishini, i-elekthronikhi nekagesi, ezokuthutha, imboni yokupakisha neminye imikhakha eminingi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenayiloni ezansi nomfula zibanzi kakhulu
Umthombo: iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Lianchuang, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umndeni wenayiloni uyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukusebenza kwenayiloni ekhethekile kungcono
Inayiloni inomlando omude nomndeni okhulayo.Ngo-1935, i-PA66 yahlanganiswa okokuqala elabhorethri, kwathi ngo-1938, iDuPont yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuzalwa kwefayibha yokwenziwa yokuqala emhlabeni futhi yawuqamba ngokuthi inayiloni.Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, umndeni wenayiloni wakhula kancane kancane, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha ezifana ne-PA6, PA610, ne-PA11 zaqhubeka nokuvela.I-PA6 kanye ne-PA66.Ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivuthiwe kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, i-PA6 ne-PA66 kuseyizinhlobo ezimbili ezifunwa kakhulu zemikhiqizo yenayiloni.
Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yenayiloni
Umthombo: I-China Textile Industry Research Institute, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Inayiloni ingahlukaniswa ibe i-aliphatic, i-semi-aromatic, iphunga elimnandi, njll ngokusho kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali seketango eliyinhloko.I-Aliphatic polyamide iwumugqa we-polymer material, ehlala ixhunywa ngokushintshana ngamasegimenti e-methyl chain namaqembu e-amide, futhi inokuqina okuhle.Ukwethulwa kwamasongo anephunga elimnandi emhlane kungakhawulela ukunyakaza kweketango lamangqamuzana futhi kwandise izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zemikhiqizo yenayiloni.Lapho enye yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polyamide iqukethe indandatho ye-benzene, kungalungiswa i-polyamide enuka kamnandi, futhi lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe zombili zineringi ye-benzene, i-polyamide enamakha egcwele ingalungiswa.I-semi-aromatic polyamide ukumelana nokushisa, izakhiwo zemishini ziyathuthukiswa, futhi zinokuzinza okuhle kobukhulu nokumelana ne-solvent, i-polyamide enamakha egcwele inamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nemisebe nezinye izinto ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwayo kweketango eliyinhloko elilinganisa kakhulu liqukethe izindandatho ze-benzene eziminyene namaqembu e-amide, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokucubungula kungaphansi kancane, kunzima ukufeza ukubumba komjovo, izindleko zayo ziphakeme kakhulu.
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana ezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polyamide
Umthombo: I-China Textile Industry Research Institute, "Izakhiwo Zesakhiwo Nezicelo Zenayiloni Eyisiphunga Elimnandi", i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ukuhlukaniswa nezici ze-polyamide
| ukuhlukaniswa | izinhlobo | indlela yokwenziwa | Izici zesakhiwo | isici |
| Iqembu le-Aliphatic(PAp)
| I-PA6PA11 PA12
| Ngokuvula i-polymerization yama-amino acid noma ama-lactam, u-p umele inani lama-athomu ekhabhoni kuketango lekhabhoni le-monomer. | I-Linear polymer material, eyakhiwe izingxenye ze-methyl chain kanye namaqembu e-amide axhunyaniswa njalo ngokushintshana | Ukuqina okuhle |
| Iqembu le-Aliphatic(PAMP)
| I-PA46PA66 I-PA610 I-PA612 PA1010 PA1212
| Yakhiwe nge-polycondensation ye-aliphatic diamine ne-aliphatic diacid, m imele inani lama-athomu ekhabhoni aqukethwe ku-diamine eyenza ingxenye yomgogodla, futhi u-p umele inani lama-athomu e-carbon aqukethwe ku-diacid eyakha ingxenye yomgogodla. | ||
| I-Semi elimnandi(PAxy)
| I-MXD6PA4T I-PA6T I-PA9T I-PA10T
| Yakhiwa i-polycondensation yama-aromatic diacids kanye ne-aliphatic aditic adiamines, noma ama-aromatic diacids nama-aliphatic diacids, x imele isifinyezo senani lama-athomu ekhabhoni noma i-diamine equkethwe engxenyeni enkulu yeketango lama-diamine, futhi u-y umele inani lama-athomu ekhabhoni. noma ama-diacids aqukethwe engxenyeni enkulu yeketanga le-diacid | Amaqembu aseceleni ochungechungeni lwemolekyuli elenziwe abhubhisa ukujwayela kweketango lamangqamuzana futhi avimbele ukuqina kwekristalu. | Ukumelana nokushisa, izakhiwo zemishini ziyathuthukiswa, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kuyancishiswa, futhi kunokuqina okuhle kwe-dimensional kanye nokumelana ne-solvent. |
| Iqembu elimnandi | I-PPTA (i-Aramid 1414) i-PBA (i-Aramid 14) I-MPIA (Aramid 1313) | I-Polycondensation yama-aromatic diacids kanye ne-aromatic diamine nayo ingakhiwa ngokuzifinyeza kwama-amino acid. | Uhlaka lwamathambo e-molecular chain luqukethe izindandatho ze-benzene ezishintshanayo namaqembu e-amide | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nemisebe |
Umthombo: I-China Textile Industry Research Institute,.Izakhiwo zesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenayiloni enuka kamnandi, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezijwayelekile, inayiloni ekhethekile enama-monomer amasha okwenziwa inokusebenza okungcono.Ngisho nangemva kokuguqulwa, inayiloni evamile (i-PA6, i-PA66, njll.) isenakho ukushiyeka okufana ne-hydrophilicity eqinile, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokungafihli kahle obala, okukhawulela ububanzi bokusebenza kwayo ngokwezinga elithile.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushiyeka kwenayiloni evamile futhi wengeze izici ezintsha, uchungechunge lwenayiloni ekhethekile enezakhiwo ezihlukene lungatholakala ngokwethula ama-monomers amasha okwenziwa ukuze avumelane nezimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa.Lawa manayiloni akhethekile afaka inayiloni enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, inayiloni ende yeketango lekhabhoni, inayiloni esobala, inayiloni esekwe ku-bio, ne-elastomer enayiloni.
Izinhlobo nezici zenayiloni ekhethekile
| Inayiloni ekhethekile | izinhlobo | isici | isicelo |
| Inayiloni yokushisa ephezulu | PA4T,PA6T,PA9T,PA10T | I-monomer emnandi eqinile ekhangayo, ingasetshenziswa endaweni engaphezu kuka-150 °C isikhathi eside. | Izingxenye zezimoto, izingxenye zemishini, izingxenye zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, njll |
| Inayiloni yeketango lekhabhoni ende | PA11,PA12,PA612,PA1212,PA1012,PA1313 | Inani lamaqembu e-sub-methyl ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana lingaphezu kwe-10, elinezinzuzo zokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, ukumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ukuqina okuhle, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumuncwa ukushaqeka. | Izimoto, ezokuxhumana, imishini, izinto zikagesi, i-aerospace, impahla yezemidlalo neminye imikhakha |
| Inayiloni esobala | PA TMDT, PA CM12 | Ukudlulisa ukukhanya kungafinyelela ku-90%, okungcono kune-polycarbonate, eduze ne-polymethyl methacrylate;Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokuqina okuhle kokushisa, ukuqina komthelela, ukufakwa kukagesi, njll | Izimoto, izinto zikagesi, izimpahla zabathengi bezimboni, optics, amakhemikhali e-petrochemicals neminye imikhakha |
| Inayiloni esekelwe ku-bio | I-PA11 (i-Raw material ngamafutha e-castor) | I-monomer yokwenziwa ivela emzileni wokukhipha wezinto ezingavuthiwe zebhayoloji, onobuhle bekhabhoni ephansi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. | Izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zikagesi kanye nomkhakha wokuphrinta we-3D |
| Inayiloni elastomer | I-PEBA | Iketango lamangqamuzana lakhiwe ingxenye yeketango le-polyamide kanye nengxenye ye-polyether/polyester, enezinzuzo zamandla aqinile aqinile, ukululama okuhle nokunwebeka, amandla omthelela okushisa aphansi, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-antistatic. | Izicathulo zokuhamba, amabhuzu e-ski, amagiya athulisiwe, imigudu yezokwelapha, njll |
Umthombo: I-Aibon Polymer, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izinzuzo ze-PA12 enayiloni ye-carbon chain ende ziyagqanyiswa
Inayiloni ye-carbon chain ende inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, futhi inayiloni 12 inokubili okuhle kokusebenza nezindleko.Inayiloni enobude be-methylene obungaphezu kuka-10 phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ama-amide kumgogodla we-nayiloni yengqamuzana ibizwa ngokuthi inayiloni ye-carbon chain, futhi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa inayiloni 11, inayiloni 12, inayiloni 612, inayiloni 1212, inayiloni 1012, inayiloni 1313, njll. Inayiloni 12 iyinayiloni ende yekhabhoni ende esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezindawo eziningi ezijwayelekile zenayiloni ejwayelekile, imunca amanzi aphansi, futhi inokuqina okuphezulu kobukhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina okuhle, ukucubungula kalula kanye ezinye izinzuzo.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PA11, enye impahla ye-carbon chain nayiloni ende, intengo ye-PA12 impahla eluhlaza i-butadiene iyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yamafutha e-castor aluhlaza we-PA11, angangena esikhundleni se-PA11 ezimweni eziningi, futhi anezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kumapayipi kaphethiloli wezimoto, ama-air brake hoses, izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukuphrinta kwe-3D nezinye izinkambu eziningi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwenayiloni
| ukusebenza | PA6 | PA66 | I-PA612 | PA11 | PA12 | PA1212 |
| Ukuminyana (g/cm3) | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| iphoyinti lokuncibilika (℃) | 220 | 260 | 212 | 185 | 177 | 184 |
| Ukumuncwa kwamanzi [24h(%) emanzini] | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Ukumuncwa kwamanzi [equilibrium (%)] | 10.7 | 8.5 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Amandla e-Tensile(MPa) | 74 | 80 | 62 | 58 | 51 | 55 |
| Ukuphakama ngesikhathi sekhefu (23 °C, %) | 180 | 60 | 100 | 330 | 200 | 270 |
| Ukuphakama ngesikhathi sekhefu (-40°C, %) | 15 | 15 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 239 |
| I-Flexural modulus (MPa) | 2900 | 2880 | 2070 | 994 | 1330 | 1330 |
| Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (R) | 120 | 121 | 114 | 108 | 105 | 105 |
| Izinga lokushisa elishintshashintshayo (0.46MPa,℃) | 190 | 235 | 180 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Izinga lokushisa elishintshashintshayo (1.86MPa,°C) | 70 | 90 | 90 | 55 | 55 | 52 |
Umthombo: Ukuthuthukiswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwenayiloni 12, i-Liyue Chemical, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kamuva, sizobeka uhlaka jikelele lwemboni yenayiloni, futhi sigxile ocwaningweni lwethu ekuhlinzekweni nasekudingweni kwemboni yenayiloni 12.
Isicelo siqhakaza ngamaphuzu amaningi, futhi isidingo senayiloni sinamandla
Imakethe yenayiloni yokukhula ikhula kancane kancane, futhi inayiloni ekhethekile isebenza kangcono
Isidingo senayiloni emhlabeni wonke siyaqhubeka nokukhula, kanti iChina iyimakethe ebalulekile.Ngokusho kwe-Reports and Data, usayizi wemakethe yenayiloni yomhlaba wonke ufinyelele ku- $ 27.29 billion ngo-2018, futhi usayizi wemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke nokukhula ngesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela esingu-4.3% ngokuzayo, futhi lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifike ku-$38.30 billion ngo-2026. Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific siyimakethe ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwenayiloni, kuyilapho imakethe yaseShayina ibaluleke kakhulu.Ngokusho kwedatha yeLingao Consulting, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lesikali semakethe yenayiloni yaseChina kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2018 lifinyelele ku-10.0%, kwathi ngo-2018, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwevolumu nentengo yemikhiqizo yenayiloni, usayizi wemakethe yasekhaya usuwonke ufinyelele ku-101.23 billion. yuan, ukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-30.5%.Ngokombono wedatha yokusetshenziswa, okuhlomulayo ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo komnotho wasekhaya, ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwemikhiqizo yenayiloni e-China sekufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.327 ngo-2018, futhi izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2018 lifinyelele ku-11.0%.
Izinga lemakethe yenayiloni yaseChina iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwemboni yenayiloni eChina kuyaqhubeka nokukhula
Umthombo: I-Lingao Consulting, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-Ling Ao Consulting, i-General Administration of Customs, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ubukhulu bemakethe yenayiloni ekhethekile bubalelwa ku-10%, lapho inayiloni engu-12 ithatha ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-MRFR, usayizi wemakethe ye-nylon ekhethekile emhlabeni wonke wawungama- $ 2.64 wezigidigidi ngonyaka ka-2018, okulinganiselwa ku-9.7% yenani eliphelele.Isidingo sokonga amandla aluhlaza kanye nezimoto ezingasindi futhi zingamandla amakhulu okuqhuba ukukhula kwesidingo semakethe yenayiloni ekhethekile, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe yenayiloni ekhethekile emhlabeni wonke iqhubeke nokukhula ngesilinganiso esingu-5.5% ngokuzayo, okuyi- ephakeme kunemboni yenayiloni iyonke.Kuyo yonke imakethe yenayiloni ekhethekile, umkhiqizo omkhulu kunayo yonke emakethe inayiloni 12, engasetshenziswa kuma-alloys epulasitiki, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukwenziwa kwezindiza, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi eziyimishini, ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, imboni kawoyela negesi neminye imikhakha. , ngokungenakubuyiseleka okuqinile.Ngokwemininingwane ye-MRFR, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke inayiloni engu-12 ufinyelele ku-$1.07 billion ngo-2018 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule kancane kancane ufinyelele ku-$1.42 billion ngo-2024 ngesilinganiso sokukhula esiyinhlanganisela esingu-5.2%.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezicelo eziwela phansi zeNyiloni 12 (2018)
Inayiloni 12 usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke ukhula kancane (US$ bhiliyoni)
Umthombo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-MRFR, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-MRFR, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngezansi sihlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwenayiloni 12 ezimotweni, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, ukukhishwa kukawoyela negesi neminye imikhakha eminingi.
Ukukhula kwesidingo kuqhutshwa ukuthambekela kwezimoto ezingasindi
Ohlelweni lokufunwa phansi komfula lwenayiloni 12, imakethe yezicelo enkulu kunazo zonke imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwenayiloni 12 embonini yokukhiqiza izimoto kubalele u-36.7% wemali engenayo yemakethe iyonke ngo-2018. Izimoto ezingasindi zingumkhuba omkhulu namuhla imboni yezimoto, ukunciphisa isisindo semoto, ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukuphepha nokunethezeka, isisombululo esijwayelekile kakhulu ukufaka izingxenye zensimbi emotweni.Inayiloni 12 ingasetshenziswa kabanzi kumapayipi okuthutha uketshezi lwezimoto, okuhlanganisa imigqa kaphethiloli, imigqa ye-clutch, imigqa ye-vacuum brake supercharger, imigqa yamabhuleki komoya, izintambo zokupholisa amabhethri namajoyinti amapayipi angenhla, ngenxa yokuphepha nokuthembeka kwayo, iyinhle kakhulu. impahla yezimoto engasindi.
Ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwenayiloni 12 ezimotweni
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi ye-UBE, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi nezenjoloba, inayiloni 12 inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi, inayiloni 12 impahla ilula, enganciphisa isisindo semoto yonke futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla;Ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuhleleka okulula, kunganciphisa ukuhlangana, akulula ukukhubazeka ngomthelela wangaphandle;Ukudlidliza okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala;Ijoyinti linokuvalwa okuhle nokufaka kalula;I-Extrusion ilula futhi inqubo ilula.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zenjoloba, amapayipi enziwe nge-nylon 12 impahla anezindonga ezincane, ivolumu encane nesisindo esincane, asithinti ukuhlelwa kwendawo;Ukunwebeka okuhle, kungagcina ukunwebeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezidlulele kanye nokumelana nokuguga okuhle kakhulu;Asikho isidingo se-vulcanization, asikho isidingo sokwengeza i-braid, ubuchwepheshe obulula bokucubungula.
Ukusabalala kwezimoto ezingasindi kanye nezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla kushayela isidingo senayiloni engu-12. Cishe u-70% wamapayipi ezimoto (amapayipi amabhuleki, amapayipi kawoyela, amapayipi abamba amanzi, njll.) eYurophu asebenzisa impahla enayiloni engu-12, kanye no-50% wamapayipi ezimoto I-United States isebenzisa izinto zenayiloni 12.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakhiwa kwamandla ezimoto, i-SAE China iphathiswe iKomidi Likazwelonke Lokweluleka Ngamasu Ezokukhiqiza kanye Nomnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, futhi ochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-500 embonini bacwaninge, bahlanganisa futhi bakhipha "Ubuchwepheshe. I-Roadmap Yokonga Amandla Nezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla”, ibala “ubuchwepheshe bezimoto engasindi” njengomunye wemizila eyisikhombisa emikhulu yezobuchwepheshe, futhi ibeka phambili umgomo wokunciphisa isisindo semoto ngo-10%, 20% no-35% ngo-2020, 2025 kanye no-2030 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2015, futhi inkambiso ye-lightweight kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubekisele ukukhula kwesidingo sezinto ezingasindi.Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha, inayiloni 12 iyadingeka kumasistimu kaphethiloli namasistimu ebhethri kuwo womabili amamodeli kagesi nama-hybrid.Njengoba umthelela walolu bhubhane uncipha kancane kancane, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezimoto kanye nezimoto ezintsha zamandla e-China kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyele ekukhuleni, okuzoqhubeka nokugqugquzela isidingo se-nylon 12 ukuze siqhubeke nokukhula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaseChina nokuthengisa
Ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha e-China
Umthombo: I-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ezingenakubuyiseleka
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokuphrinta kwe-3D ikhula ngokushesha, futhi ijubane lokuthuthuka kwezimboni eChina likhule kakhulu.Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe (ukuphrinta kwe-3D) kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo wendabuko, ukugeleza kwenqubo, umugqa wokukhiqiza, imodi yefekthri, kanye nenhlanganisela yamaketanga ezimboni ngenxa yekhono lakhona lokukhiqiza ngokushesha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlangano yesakhiwo, futhi isibe ngenye yezinto ezimele kakhulu futhi ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo obuthintekayo embonini yokukhiqiza, futhi yaziwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuwumgogodla "wenguquko yezimboni yesithathu".Ngokusho kweWohlers Associates, inani eliphumayo lemboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D emhlabeni wonke likhuphuke lisuka ku-$1.33 billion ngo-2010 laya ku-$8.37 billion ngo-2018, nge-CAGR yama-25.9%.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D baseShayina buqale sekwephuzile uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe ase-Europe naseMelika, kodwa isivinini sokuthuthuka kwezimboni sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.Ngokwezibalo ze-Prospective Industry Research Institute, ubukhulu bemakethe yemboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D yaseChina bufinyelele kuphela ezigidini ezingu-160 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2012, futhi bukhule ngokushesha bafinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.09 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2018.
Inani lokukhipha kanye nezinga lokukhula kwemboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D yomhlaba wonke
Izinga kanye nezinga lokukhula kwemakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D yaseChina
Umthombo: Wohlers Associates, Wind, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Isikhungo Sangaphambili Socwaningo Lwezimboni, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izinto zokwakha ziyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D.Ukusebenza kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kunquma ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungaba nohlelo olubanzi, futhi futhi kuyibhodlela okwamanje elikhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D.Ngokwezibalo ezivela Izimakethe Nezimakethe, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D udlule u-$1 bhiliyoni ngo-2018 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi udlule u-$4.5 billion ngo-2024. Ngokolwazi lwe-Prospective Industry Research Institute, isikali sezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D zaseChina. imakethe igcine ukukhula ngokushesha, isuka kumayuan ayizigidi ezingama-260 ngo-2012 yaya kumayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.99 ngo-2017, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi wemakethe wezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D zaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi udlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16 ngo-2024.
Usayizi wemakethe yezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D yomhlaba wonke 2017-2024 (US$ bhiliyoni)
2012-2024 Usayizi wemakethe yezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D yaseChina (amayuan ayizigidi eziyi-100)
Umthombo: Market and Markets, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-Prospective Industry Research Institute, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Impahla yenayiloni 12 isebenza kahle ekuphrinteni kwe-3D.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokwakha, i-PA12 powder inezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana noketshezi oluningi, ugesi omile ongashintshi, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, indawo encibilikayo emaphakathi kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo, ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokuqina kungahlangabezana nezidingo zezingcezu zokusebenza ezidinga izakhiwo zomshini ophezulu, inayiloni 12 kancane kancane isiphenduke into efanelekile yokuphrinta i-3D yamapulasitiki obunjiniyela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PA12 ekuphrinteni kwe-3D
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi ye-Sculpteo, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo ze-3D zokuphrinta (koku-5)
| Izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D | amandla | ukubukeka | imininingwane | Ukuvumelana nezimo |
| Inayiloni PA12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Inayiloni.I-PA11/12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| I-Nylon 3200 Glass Fiber Reinforced (SLS) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Ama-Aluminides (SLS) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| I-PEBA (SLS) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Inayiloni PA12 (MJF) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| I-Opaque photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| I-resin ekhanyayo yezithombe (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| I-Aluminium ASI7Mgo,6 (SLM) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Insimbi engagqwali 316L (DML S) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| I-Titanium 4Al-4V (DMLS) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Isiliva le-Sterling (isiliva) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ithusi (ukusakaza) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ibhulonzi (ukusakaza) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi ye-Sculpteo, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngokwezibalo ze-Prospective Industry Research Institute, i-PA12 ibiyinto yesine ngobukhulu embonini yokunyathelisa ye-3D yomhlaba wonke ngo-2017, ibalwa ku-5.6%, futhi ngo-2018, izinto zokuphrinta zenayiloni ze-3D zaseChina zibalelwa ku-14.1%.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zasekhaya zenayiloni 12 esikhathini esizayo kuzobeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D yaseChina.
Isakhiwo semakethe yezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ngo-2017
Isakhiwo semakethe sezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D e-China ngo-2018
Umthombo: I-Qianqi Industry Research Institute, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-Prospective Industry Research Institute, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu embonini yokuhambisa uwoyela negesi
Ukuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi kubeka izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zezinto zokwakha.Impahla ye-PA12 isetshenziswe ezikhuphukeni eziguquguqukayo ezingasogwini nasogwini, amapayipi egesi, amalayini, amapayipi ensimbi iminyaka eminingi, engavimbela ukuguguleka kwamanzi olwandle kanye nokugqwala koketshezi lukawoyela, futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhuphukeli eziguquguqukayo zokuthutha uwoyela ongaphansi kolwandle kanye nemikhiqizo yegesi kanye uketshezi oluhlanganisiwe, amasistimu okusabalalisa igesi yemvelo ngokucindezela okufika ku-20bar, njll., anempilo yesevisi enhle kakhulu nokuvikela ukugqwala okungcono kunezinye izinto, futhi ayizinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemboni yokuthutha uwoyela negesi.Njengepayipi lokudluliswa kwegesi, i-PA12 isisetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi ensimbi asetshenziswa ekudluliseni igesi engaphansi komfutho ophezulu wendabuko, amapayipi egesi e-PA12 anganweba isikhathi sokusebenza kwepayipi futhi ehlise ngokuphawulekayo izindleko zokubeka amapayipi kanye nokulungiswa okulandelayo.I-China yahlongoza “OHlelweni Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nantathu” ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nantathu”, cishe amakhilomitha angu-5,000 amapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe, amakhilomitha angu-12,000 amapayipi kawoyela acolisisiwe kanye namakhilomitha angu-40,000 esiqu esisha segesi yemvelo kanye namapayipi asekelayo azokwakhiwa. yakhiwe, ihlinzeka ngomfutho omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwe-PA12.
Indawo yokufaka ipayipi legesi i-PA12 e-Beckum, eJalimane
Umthombo: I-Changjiang Securities Research Institute, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani
Ikhebula elinobungani bemvelo nelithembekile kanye nesishebo socingo
.I-PA12 ingasetshenziselwa izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle kanye nezinto zokuhlanganisa ikhebula elintantayo, ikhebula elilwa nezintuthwane, i-optical fibre sheath.Inayiloni 12 inokushisa okuphansi kwe-embrittlement kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu, okulungele ngokukhethekile ukwakhiwa kwezintambo zokuxhumana ezinenjongo ekhethekile yasensimini ezidingekayo kuzo zonke izimo zezulu (-50 ~ 70 ° C).Isetshenziswa njengekhebula likamkhumbi-ngwenya nezinto zokuhlanganisa ikhebula elintantayo, kufanele icabangele indawo ekhethekile nezimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa olwandle, ngakho-ke ucingo luyadingeka ukuba lube nobubanzi obuncane obungaphandle, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokucindezela okuthile kwamanzi, amandla anele okuqina, futhi ukumelana nokufakwa kwamanzi okwanele emanzini olwandle.Inayiloni 12 iyisivikeli esihle sikagesi, ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kokufakelwa ngenxa yomswakama, noma ngabe ibekwe emanzini (noma emanzini olwandle) isikhathi eside, ukumelana kwayo nokufakwa kuphezulu kakhulu, okungenani ukuhleleka kobukhulu obuphakeme. kunezinye izinto zenayiloni, ukusetshenziswa komphumela wokugqwala kwe-PA12 wento ehlanganisiwe yocingo kuhle, kufakwe olwandle iminyaka emithathu ngaphandle koshintsho.I-cable anti-mosquito sheath ngaphambilini yenziwa yi-PE, PVC nge-insecticide noma indlela yokugoqa i-tape yethusi, kunezindleko eziphakeme, ukulungiswa okungahambi kahle, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukulimala kwemvelo, isikhathi sokuqinisekisa esingazinzile nokunye ukushiyeka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nayiloni 12 emgodleni okwamanje indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhudlwana futhi enobungani kwemvelo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa kwesignali ye-optical fibre sheath eyenziwe nge-PA12 impahla iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto zokwenziwa, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu emgodleni wekhebula lokuxhumana le-fiber optical.
Inayiloni 12 ye-plastic optical fiber (POF)
Umthombo: I-Changjiang Securities Research Institute, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani
I-Photovoltaic, ugesi, ukugqoka, ukupakisha, izinkundla zezokwelapha zinamakhono azo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingxenye zikagesi kudingeka zisebenze ngomsindo ophansi, futhi izingxenye ezenziwe inayiloni 12 zingathuliswa, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumarekhoda amateyipu, amagiya wewashi, izintambo zikagesi kanye nezingxenye zemishini ezinembayo ezincane.I-resistivity ye-nylon 12 ishintsha kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa, futhi ukuguqulwa okubamba kuncane, okungasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye zokuzwa izinga lokushisa zezingubo zokulala zikagesi kanye nokhaphethi kagesi.
Ihlanganiswe ne-nylon 12, ifilimu yokumboza inokumelana nokugqoka okungcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokunamathela.I-PA12 ingasetshenziswa endaweni yokubeka isitsha yomshini wokuwasha izitsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo yokubeka isitsha sensimbi ayigugi endaweni yama-ejenti okuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi inempilo ende yesevisi;Ingasetshenziswa futhi kufenisha yangaphandle, njengamabhentshi epaki, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwensimbi ngemva kokumboza i-PA12.
Ifilimu ye-PA12 esobala, engenabuthi, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye negesi (Oz, N2, CO2) iphansi, igcinwe emanzini abilayo unyaka owodwa ingashintshiwe, futhi ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-polyethylene evuthelwa yi-extrusion ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ishidi lefilimu, ukuze vikela futhi upakishe ukudla, okunezinzuzo zephunga elimnandi, ukumelana nokubulala inzalo nokushisa okuphansi okuhle.Inayiloni 12 inokunamathela okuhle kwensimbi, futhi lapho ubopha ukudla, inani lokuvala liyi-100%, futhi amandla okuxebula aphakeme.
I-PA12 iphinde isetshenziswe njengempahla yezokwelapha yabahlengikazi, lapho izakhiwo zemishini ye-catheter material zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi i-catheter eyenziwe kufanele ibe lula ukuyixhuma, kodwa ingagobi futhi ingaphuli.I-PA12 iwumsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokukhiqiza i-catheter ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu komfutho, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuhambisana noketshezi lomzimba nokungenabo ubuthi, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-US Food and Drug Administration kanye ne-European Union ngemikhiqizo yezokwelapha.
Izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zilawula ukunikezwa, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi kunqamule ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kwemboni yenayiloni, futhi kusenegebe emikhakheni esezingeni eliphezulu.
Amandla okukhiqiza inayiloni aseShayina akhula ngokushesha, kodwa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu isadinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzuza ekwandeni kokutholakala kwe-caprolactam yasekhaya, impahla eluhlaza enayiloni 6, kanye nokudonsa ngokushesha kwesidingo esingaphansi komfula, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza inayiloni baseChina buye bathuthukiswa ngokushesha, namandla okukhiqiza angena esigabeni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha. .Ngo-2018, amandla okukhiqiza minyaka yonke embonini yenayiloni yaseChina afinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.141, i-CAGR = 12.7% kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2018, futhi umphumela wakhula ngokushesha ngomthamo wokukhiqiza, ngomphumela wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.766 ngo-2018 kanye ne-CAGR = 15.8% kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2018. Ngokombono wedatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, imboni yenayiloni yaseShayina igcine ukuthengwa kwezimpahla eziphuma kwamanye amazwe, ngenani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe elingamathani ayi-508,000 ngo-2019, ikakhulukazi eminye imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu isethembele kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, futhi kukhona isikhala sokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe esikhathini esizayo.
Amandla okukhiqiza inayiloni aseShayina ayaqhubeka nokukhula
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwemboni yenayiloni eChina
Umthombo: I-Lingao Consulting, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-General Administration of Customs, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe zidala ukugxila okuphezulu, futhi ama-oligopolies alawula imakethe ye-nylon 12
Inqubo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko inayiloni 12 yindlela ye-oxime, futhi imigoqo yobuchwepheshe iphezulu.Inayiloni i-12 ijwayele ukulungiswa yi-cyclododecatriene (CDT) kanye ne-laurolactam yokuvula indandatho ye-polycondensation isebenzisa i-butadiene njengento eluhlaza, futhi inqubo ihlanganisa indlela ye-oxime, indlela ye-optical nitrosation kanye nendlela ye-Snya, lapho indlela ye-oxime iyinqubo evamile.Ukukhiqizwa kwenayiloni 12 ngendlela ye-oxidation oxime kudinga kudlule ezinyathelweni ezingu-7, ezifana ne-triperization, i-catalytic hydrogenation, i-oxidation, i-ketification, i-oximization, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-Beckmann, i-polymerization evula iringi, njll., futhi yonke inqubo isebenzisa i-benzene, i-fuming sulfuric acid. nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinobuthi nezigqwalayo, izinga lokushisa le-polymerization elivula iringi lidinga ukuba libe ngu-270-300 °C, futhi izinyathelo zokukhiqiza zinzima ukusebenza.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi abamelwe yi-Evonik basebenzisa umzila wenqubo ojwayelekile we-butadiene njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi ngemuva kokuthi i-Ube Industries yaseJapan ithole ilayisense yobuchwepheshe yeBritish Petrochemical Company, yamukela umzila wenqubo we-cyclohexanone njengento eluhlaza ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwe-PA12. .
Umzila wokwenziwa wenayiloni 12
| Inqubo ye-synthesis | Isingeniso esinemininingwane |
| Indlela ye-oxidation esekelwe isikhathi | Kusetshenziswa i-butadiene njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, i-CDT yahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwesenzo se-Ziegler catalyst, i-hydrogenated ukuze ikhiqize i-cyclododecane, bese i-oxidized ukuze ikhiqize i-cyclododecane, i-dehydrogenated ukuze ikhiqize i-cyclododecane, i-cyclododecone oxime hydrochloride yakhiqizwa, futhi i-laurolactangemann rearrangement yatholwa kabusha ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-laurolactam. i-polycondensation ukuthola inayiloni 12 |
| Indlela ye-Optical nitrosation | Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwesibani se-mercury esinengcindezi ephezulu, i-cyclododecane isabela nge-nitrosyl chloride ukuze kutholwe i-cyclododecone hydrochloride, i-laurolam itholakala ngokudluliswa kwe-sulfuric acid egxilile, futhi ekugcineni yenziwe i-polymer ukuthola inayiloni 12. |
| Snyafa | Le ndlela yasungulwa inkampani yase-Italy i-Snia Viscosa, isebenzisa i-cyclododecylcarboxylic acid noma usawoti wayo njengento eluhlaza, lapho kukhona i-sulfuric acid noma i-sulfuric acid evuthayo, ukuze yona kanye nenani elifanayo noma okweqile kwe-nitrosating agent ukulungiselela i-laurythromide ephezulu. futhi i-polymerize ukuze ukhiqize inayiloni 12 |
| Indlela ye-Cyclohexanone | Ingxenye ethile ye-cyclohexanone, i-hydrogen peroxide ne-ammonia yenziwa nge-carboxylate noma usawoti we-ammonium ukuze kutholwe i-1,1-peroxide dicyclohexylamine, echithwa ibe yi-1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid ngokushisa, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-caprolactam ne-cyclohexanone.I-Caprolactam ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa inayiloni 6, kuyilapho i-cyclohexanone ingasetshenziswa kabusha.Okulandelayo, i-1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid incishiswa nge-hydrogen, futhi ekugcineni i-W aminododecanoic acid itholakala, eyenza i-polymerize ukuze ikhiqize inayiloni 12. |
Umthombo: Ukuthuthukiswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwe-Long Carbon Chain Nylon 11, 12 and 1212, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngaphansi kwe-oligopoly, ukugxilwa kwemboni ye-nylon 12 kuphezulu kakhulu.Ngama-70s wekhulu lama-20, inayiloni 12 yaqala ukwenziwa yizimboni nguDegussa waseJalimane, owandulela i-Evonik Industries (Evonik), kwase kuba yiSwitzerland EMS, French Arkema kanye ne-Ube Industries (UBE) yaseJapan nayo yamemezela izindaba zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, futhi. abakhiqizi abane abakhulu sebekwazi ngokuqinile ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza inayiloni 12 cishe iminyaka eyikhulu.Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza inayiloni 12 emhlabeni wonke adlula amathani ayi-100,000/ngonyaka, lapho i-Evonik inamandla okukhiqiza angaba amathani angama-40,000 ngonyaka, ikleliswe kuqala.Ngo-2014, i-INVISTA yafaka izicelo eziningi zelungelo lobunikazi zezinto zokusetshenziswa zenayiloni 12, ngethemba lokungena emakethe ye-nylon 12 resin, kodwa kuze kube manje azikho izindaba zokukhiqiza.
Ngenxa yokuncintisana kwezwe okugxilile, izimo eziphuthumayo zohlangothi lokunikezela zizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwayo yonke imakethe.Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-March 31, 2012, ifektri ka-Evonik eMarl, eJalimane, yabangela ukuqhuma ngenxa yokuvuza komlilo, okwathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-CDT eyinhloko yempahla eluhlaza isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-8, okubangele ukushoda okukhulu kwe-CDT, okwathi ukujika kuholele ekuhlinzekeni okuqinile komhlaba wonke kwe-PA12, futhi kwaze kwabangela ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto ezingaphansi komfula bangakwazi ukuqala ngendlela evamile.Kwaze kwaba yilapho imboni ye-Evonik CDT ibuyiselwa ekukhiqizeni ekupheleni kuka-2012 lapho ukunikezwa kwenayiloni 12 kwaqala kancane kancane.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esinamandla, isiqhwaga samemezela izinhlelo zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esiqinile sezinto zokwakha ze-PA12, ngo-2018, i-Arkema yamemezela ukuthi izokwandisa umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza izinto ezibonakalayo we-PA12 ngo-25% ekhempasini yayo yase-Changshu e-China, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukukhiqiza maphakathi no-2020.I-Evonik yaseJalimane iphinde yamemezela ukutshalwa kwezimali okungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-400 ukuze kwandiswe amandla ayo okukhiqiza izinto ezibonakalayo ze-PA12 ngamaphesenti angama-50 eMarl Industrial Park, okuhlelwe ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka-2021.
Ezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza ze-PA12 e-Marl
Imboni ye-nylon 12 igxile kakhulu
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi ye-Evonik, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngosizo lwezinqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo, amabhizinisi asekhaya abhekene nobunzima
Amabhizinisi asekhaya abhekane nenayiloni ye-carbon chain ende, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zenze impumelelo.Ngama-50s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-China yaqala ukuzama ukukhiqiza inayiloni ekhethekile emele inayiloni ende ye-carbon chain, kodwa ngenxa yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zenqubo, izimo ezinzima zokukhiqiza, izinyathelo eziningi zokuhlanganisa, izindleko eziphezulu nezinye izici, kuze kube yi-90s. , ukukhiqizwa kwemboni ye-carbon chain enayiloni ende yaseChina kwakusamile.Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyisishiyagalolunye Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, ithimba labacwaningi benayiloni leNyuvesi yaseZhengzhou kanye ne-Institute of Microbiology ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ngokuhlanganyela benze uhlelo lukazwelonke olubalulekile locwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, bacwaninga futhi bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimboni bokulungiselela i-PA1212 by. i-bio-fermentation ye-dodeca-carbodiacid, futhi yabambisana ne-Shandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. iphinde yenza impumelelo ku-PA610, PA612, PA1012 nezinye izinhlobo.
I-PA12 inzima kakhulu, futhi impumelelo ingalindelwa ngosizo lwezinqubomgomo.Ngo-1977, i-Jiangsu Huaiyin Research Institute of Chemical Industry kanye ne-Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials babambisana ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwenayiloni 12 nge-butadiene njengempahla eluhlaza.Kamuva, i-Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (eyayiyi-Yueyang Petrochemical General Plant) yenza ucwaningo oluncane lokuhlanganisa inayiloni 12 nge-cyclohexanone njengempahla eluhlaza, kodwa ngenxa yomzila wokuhlanganisa we-PA12 kufika ezinyathelweni ezingu-7 kanye nezithiyo eziphakeme kakhulu, amabhizinisi asekhaya awakakuzuzi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, futhi i-PA12 isathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-China iphinde yethula izinqubomgomo ngokuqhubekayo zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-nylon ekhethekile, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo inqubo yokwakhiwa kwasendaweni yezinto ezikhethekile zenayiloni, ngosizo lwezinqubomgomo, amabhizinisi asekhaya azoqhubeka nokubhekana nobunzima, kulindeleke ukuthi aphule iphethini ye-monopoly. kwe PA12.
Lo mgomo ukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zenayiloni ezikhethekile ezifana ne-carbon chain nayiloni ende
| Isikhathi esishicilelwe | I-ejensi yokushicilela | igama | okuqukethwe |
| 2016/10/14 | Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi | Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamakhemikhali Amakhemikhali Namakhemikhali (2016-2020) | Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenayiloni yeketango lekhabhoni ende kanye nenayiloni ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu |
| 2016/11/25 | I-China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. ibambisana nezimboni nezinhlangano eziyi-11, okuhlanganisa i-China Machinery Industry Federation, i-China Iron and Steel Industry Association, kanye ne-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. | Umhlahlandlela Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Wokuguqulwa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamabhizinisi Ezimboni (Ushicilelo luka-2016) | Ukugxila nokuqondisa kokutshalwa kwezimali esikhathini "Sohlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nantathu" kwahlongozwa, okuhlanganisa inayiloni ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, inayiloni yeketango lekhabhoni ende, njll. |
| 2019/8/30 | I-China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. ibambisana nezimboni nezinhlangano eziyi-11, okuhlanganisa i-China Machinery Industry Federation, i-China Iron and Steel Industry Association, kanye ne-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. | Umhlahlandlela Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Wokuguqulwa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamabhizinisi Ezimboni (Ushicilelo luka-2019) | Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zaseShayina eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo uhlanganisa izimboni zefayibha ezisebenza kahle njengenayiloni ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nenayiloni yeketango lekhabhoni ende. |
Umthombo: Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, i-China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., i-China Machinery Industry Federation, njll., i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2022